So by now, you’ve probably heard that medical marijuana is legal in Florida. But what exactly does that mean?
CannaMD breaks down Florida’s medical marijuana laws, outlining everything Florida residents need to know to stay safe and on the right side of the law!
What is Medical Marijuana?
To apply Florida’s medical marijuana laws, we first need to understand what medical marijuana is.
As qualifying medical marijuana physicians, we’re often asked:
What’s the difference between medical and ‘regular’ marijuana?
In short, marijuana is marijuana. The distinction between recreational (or “regular”) marijuana and medical marijuana comes down to legal definitions determined by each state and the way the product is being used. Essentially, recreational marijuana is cannabis used without any medical justification.
Florida lawmakers consider “all parts of any Cannabis plant” marijuana; however, marijuana is only considered “medical” if it’s dispensed from a medical marijuana treatment center to a state-qualified patient.
Amendment 2: A Brief History
On June 16, 2014, Florida became the 22nd state to legalize access to medical marijuana when Governor Rick Scott signed the Compassionate Medical Cannabis Act.
The Compassionate Medical Cannabis Act, or Senate Bill 1030, allowed patients suffering from cancer, epilepsy, chronic seizures, or muscle spasms to use low-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) cannabis products prescribed by a licensed doctor. Doctors and patients had to register on the Compassionate Use Registry, an online database maintained by the Florida Department of Health.
Following Senate Bill 1030, Florida Amendment 2 (Use of Marijuana for Certain Medical Conditions) appeared on the November 4, 2014, ballot. This first version of Amendment 2 failed to win the 60% majority of votes required to pass by less than 3%.
In March 2016, State Bill 307 expanded access to full-strength medical marijuana to eligible patients who had “a terminal condition, which, without the administration of life-sustaining procedures, will result in death within one year if the condition runs its normal course.”
Assisted by publicity gained from the original Amendment 2, The Florida Medical Marijuana Legalization Initiative, also known as Amendment 2, was placed on the 2016 ballot. Similar to the 2014 Amendment 2, the new Amendment 2 also required a super-majority vote to pass.
Winning with a 71% majority, Florida voters approved The Florida Medical Marijuana Legalization Initiative on November 8th, 2016.
Several months later, Senate Bill 8A was passed to outline rules for the use and administration of medical marijuana. Following the passage of Senate Bill 8A, The Florida Department of Health established the Office of Medical Marijuana Use to implement these rules and changed the name of the Compassionate Use Registry to the Medical Marijuana Use Registry.
Who Can Qualify for Medical Marijuana?
Senate Bill 8A defines a qualified patient as:
A resident of this state [Florida] who has been added to the medical marijuana use registry by a qualified physician to receive marijuana or a marijuana delivery device for a medical use and who has a qualified patient identification card.
To qualify for medical marijuana in Florida, a patient must:
- Be diagnosed by a certified physician with a qualifying condition, and
- Have permanent or temporary residency in the state of Florida.
Let’s take a closer look at these two requirements…
Qualifying Conditions
As outlined by Amendment 2, the following conditions qualify for medical marijuana treatment in Florida:
In addition to the qualifying conditions above, Senate Bill 8A allows for treatment of other “diagnosable, debilitating conditions of like, kind, or class” (such as anxiety, depression, and migraines), as well as terminal conditions (diagnosed by a physician other than the physician issuing certification) and chronic nonmalignant pain (defined as pain caused by a qualifying medical condition that persists beyond the usual course of that condition).
For a full list of conditions that may qualify, please see our Qualifying Conditions Resource Page.
Residency Requirements
Qualifying patients must also provide proof of Florida residency. To establish permanent Florida residency, patients must supply one of the following documents (along with a photo ID):
- Copy of a house deed or lease agreement
- Utility bill (no more than two months old)
- State ID or driver’s license
- Passport
In addition to permanent residents, Senate Bill 8A states that individuals who meet the definition of seasonal residents may qualify, as well:
The term ‘seasonal resident’ means any person who temporarily resides in this state [Florida] for a period of at least 31 consecutive days in each calendar year, maintains a temporary residence in this state, returns to the state or jurisdiction of his or her residence at least one time during each calendar year, and is registered to vote or pays income tax in another state or jurisdiction.
For details on proving temporary residency, please see: Florida Snowbirds Can Use Medical Marijuana.
Restrictions and Exceptions
Although medical marijuana is legal for qualified patients in Florida, there are still a number of restrictions on its use and transport.
According to Senate Bill 8A, medical marijuana use and/or administration is strictly prohibited in the following places:
- On any form of public transportation *
- In any public place *
- In the patient’s place of employment (unless permitted by his or her employer)
- In a state correctional institution
- On the grounds of a preschool, primary school, or secondary school
- On a school bus
- In a vehicle
- In an aircraft
- On a motorboat *
Low-THC cannabis use is permitted in categories followed by an asterisk (*). Low-THC cannabis is defined as:
A plant of the genus Cannabis, the dried flowers of which contain .8 percent or less of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and more than 10 percent of cannabidiol weight for weight.
Smokable Marijuana Update
Senate Bill 8A only authorizes select routes of administration (or ways to consume the medication). These include vapor, oils/tinctures, topicals (such as transdermal patches), and edibles (although, as of publication, rules for use and administration for this specific route haven’t been issued – meaning that edibles are technically legal, but still unavailable to patients). Fortunately, Florida has since amended their previous marijuana laws to allow qualified patients to purchase and consume smokable forms of marijuana (also known as flower).
On March 18th, 2019, Governor Ron DeSantis signed Senate Bill 182, repealing the original smoking ban that Rick Scott put into place in early 2017. This legislation was co-sponsored by State Senators Jeff Brandes and Linda Stewart and gained mass attention due to overwhelming support from outspoken lawyer, John Morgan.
On signing day, Governor DeSantis stated:
I thank my colleagues in the Legislature for working with me to ensure the will of the voters is upheld.
Now that we have honored our duty to find a legislative solution, I have honored my commitment and filed a joint motion to dismiss the state’s appeal and to vacate the lower court decision which had held the prior law to be unconstitutional.
So what does this mean for Florida medical marijuana cardholders?
Senate Bill 182 allows patients to purchase 2.5 ounces of whole marijuana flower every 35 days as needed. Patients under 18 years of age are able to partake in the smoking modality only if they are diagnosed with a terminal condition and receive a second opinion from a pediatrician.
Most importantly: Patients must be specifically certified to consume smokable forms of medical marijuana by a qualified medical cannabis physician. Certification for vaping is not the same thing.
For more details about the smoking ban repeal, and how legislative developments evolved, please see: Florida’s Medical Marijuana Smoking Ban.
More Information About Florida’s Medical Marijuana Laws
Interested in reading more about medical marijuana laws in Florida?
Check out CannaMD‘s popular posts:
- Can I Use Medical Marijuana at Work in Florida?
- Tenant Rights: Medical Marijuana in Florida Apartments
- Can I Use My Medical Marijuana in States Where It’s Not Legal?
Have experience with a particular medical marijuana legal issue? We’d love to hear about it in the comments section, below!